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Jamur Parasit Ubah Semut Jadi Zombie

By. AlgoritmaNews - Peneliti temukan empat spesies jamur baru yang bisa mengubah semut menjadi zombie di Amazon. Penelitian yang terbit di jurnal PLoS One itu menunjukkan kalau jamurOphiocordyceps unliateralis bersifat parasit dan dapat hidup di empat spesies semut (Camponotini sp.) di daerah Zona da Mata, Brazil.

Semut terinfeksi ketika mereka bersentuhan dengan spora yang dilepaskan jamur. Dalam waktu seminggu, semut akan berubah menjadi seperti zombie. "Tingkah laku semut berubah. Mereka menggantung di daun dengan menggigit bagian bawah dedaunan belukar," jelas Profesor David Hughes dari University of Pennsylvania yang juga pemimpin peneliti.

Hughes juga menjelaskan jamur akan tumbuh di kepala semut menjadi seperti antena dan melepaskan sporanya ke udara. Spora itu jatuh ke tanah atau terbawa hujan sehingga dapat bersentuhan dengan semut lain.

Temuan jamur yang membuat semut jadi zombie ini bukan pertama kali. Pada tahun 2009, Hughes menemukan semut zombie di Indonesia. Semut-semut zombie tersebut tergantung pada daun setinggi 25 cm di atas tanah pada lingkungan dengan kelembapan 95 persen--kondisi yang sempurna bagi jamur untuk tumbuh.

Pada spesies-spesies yang ditemukan di Amazon, Hughes menemui perbedaan ukuran dan bentuk. Dua spesies jamur punya spora kedua yang membuat mereka punya kesempatan lebih banyak untuk menempel pada semut. Jamur-jamur baru ini, menurut Hughes, hanya berefek pada spesies semut tertentu saja.

Para ilmuwan tidak melihat kesempatan untuk membuat pestisida dari jamur ini. "Penelitian menunjukkan kalau jamur ini hanya menyerang spesies tertentu. Kalau hama semut berasal dari banyak spesies, pestisida tersebut tak ada gunanya," kata Steve Shattcuk dari SCIRO Ecosystem Sciences.

Hughes selanjutnya berencana pelajari jamur penyebab zombie di Kolombia, Guyana, Brazil, Peru, Malaysia, Papua, dan Australia.

11 Comments:

Zune and iPod: Most people compare the Zune to the Touch, but after seeing how slim and surprisingly small and light it is, I consider it to be a rather unique hybrid that combines qualities of both the Touch and the Nano. It's very colorful and lovely OLED screen is slightly smaller than the touch screen, but the player itself feels quite a bit smaller and lighter. It weighs about 2/3 as much, and is noticeably smaller in width and height, while being just a hair thicker.

This is getting a bit more subjective, but I much prefer the Zune Marketplace. The interface is colorful, has more flair, and some cool features like 'Mixview' that let you quickly see related albums, songs, or other users related to what you're listening to. Clicking on one of those will center on that item, and another set of "neighbors" will come into view, allowing you to navigate around exploring by similar artists, songs, or users. Speaking of users, the Zune "Social" is also great fun, letting you find others with shared tastes and becoming friends with them. You then can listen to a playlist created based on an amalgamation of what all your friends are listening to, which is also enjoyable. Those concerned with privacy will be relieved to know you can prevent the public from seeing your personal listening habits if you so choose.

Sorry for the huge review, but I'm really loving the new Zune, and hope this, as well as the excellent reviews some other people have written, will help you decide if it's the right choice for you.

Hands down, Apple's app store wins by a mile. It's a huge selection of all sorts of apps vs a rather sad selection of a handful for Zune. Microsoft has plans, especially in the realm of games, but I'm not sure I'd want to bet on the future if this aspect is important to you. The iPod is a much better choice in that case.

The new Zune browser is surprisingly good, but not as good as the iPod's. It works well, but isn't as fast as Safari, and has a clunkier interface. If you occasionally plan on using the web browser that's not an issue, but if you're planning to browse the web alot from your PMP then the iPod's larger screen and better browser may be important.

Zune and iPod: Most people compare the Zune to the Touch, but after seeing how slim and surprisingly small and light it is, I consider it to be a rather unique hybrid that combines qualities of both the Touch and the Nano. It's very colorful and lovely OLED screen is slightly smaller than the touch screen, but the player itself feels quite a bit smaller and lighter. It weighs about 2/3 as much, and is noticeably smaller in width and height, while being just a hair thicker.

Sorry for the huge review, but I'm really loving the new Zune, and hope this, as well as the excellent reviews some other people have written, will help you decide if it's the right choice for you.

Hands down, Apple's app store wins by a mile. It's a huge selection of all sorts of apps vs a rather sad selection of a handful for Zune. Microsoft has plans, especially in the realm of games, but I'm not sure I'd want to bet on the future if this aspect is important to you. The iPod is a much better choice in that case.

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